Historical notes on The Handmaids Tale Essays

Historical notes on The Handmaids Tale Essays Historical notes on The Handmaids Tale Paper Historical notes on The Handmaids Tale Paper Essay Topic: Notes From Underground The Handmaids Tale Why do you think that Margaret Atwood included the historical notes in The Handmaids Tale? I believe that Margaret Atwood included the historical notes in The Handmaids Tale for a number of reasons. In my opinion, the central reason for the inclusion of the historical notes is to demonstrate to the reader where ideas for the novel originated. The first hint at where Atwoods ideas came from is during Maryann Crescent Moons speech, as she says, Iran and Gilead: Two Late Twentieth Century Monotheocracies. This shows that Atwood largely based her novel on the Islamic revolution that took place in Iran in 1979. The revolution fiercely restricted womens rights and their freedom, which is parallel to the events that occurred in The Handmaids Tale. Furthermore, in Pieixotos speech the reader is told, Romania, for instance, had anticipated Gilead in the eighties by banning all forms of birth control. This actually took place so we understand that the aspect of Atwoods novel, which concerns fertility, and pregnancy is strongly related with this event. I think it is very important that Atwood chose to base her novel on actual events that took place in the world because it emphasises that The Handmaids Tale is not solely a story, but is based on horrors that have occurred. This, therefore, illustrates the injustices that human beings are capable of. This leads on to the next possibility of why Margaret Atwood could have chosen to include the historical notes. As the novel is based on real-life events, Atwood is warning the human race to recognise injustice and then fight against it before it is too late, and we have a recreation of the Islamic Revolution and the situation in Romania. The incorporation of the historical notes is a vast contrast in tone and style to the novel itself. In my opinion, Atwood included them to show that while the reader may be extremely interested in Offreds testimony, her character and her emotions, Pieixoto is not at all. He is solely concerned with the history of Gilead and this is shown through his lighthearted tone of voice. He calls his speech a little chat, which could show that he is not willing to spend a lot of his time pondering over Offreds story because he does not consider it as important. In addition to this, Atwood included the historical notes to portray the fact that women will perpetually be considered as inferior to men, and will be belittled and looked down upon. This is predominantly shown through Pieixotos attitude towards Offred as he says I am sure all puns were intentional the archaic vulgar significance of the word tail. This quotation implies that Pieixoto solely sees Offred as a sex object. The reader is told that the audience applaud this comment (Laughter, applause). Therefore, the reader could be concerned about the morals of the audience if they find such a comment amusing. Furthermore, Pieixoto makes a number of sexist jokes such as referring to women as The Underground Frailroad which suggests that he views women as weak. Atwood may have included these sexist jokes to point out that this treatment of women is undoubtedly wrong, yet for some reason they are accepted in our society.

Are knockoffs good for the Fashion industry Research Paper

Are knockoffs good for the Fashion industry - Research Paper Example The paper "Are knockoffs good for the Fashion industry" talks about knockoffs in the fashion industry. According to the old notion, fashion was craft and not an art. Today the concept has changed. According to the new definition, fashion is a form of creative expression and is very near to wearable art. Nowadays, fashion industry is facing copyright problems around the globe. Take the example of any developed country where it is difficult to protect garment industry from copying fashion. If we look at it from the angle of law, it means that unless garment industry falls into one of the common law category, it cannot be protected. Garment industry portrays artistic craftsmanship. Therefore, case law disfavor cited sort of argument as a string of cases. In this respect, we may refer here to the case of Merlet v Mother Care. The â€Å"artistic" term in the copyright world is not familiar. Hence, a judge requires considering it on aesthetic merit of the work. Under the mentioned circums tances, it is possible to protect fashion related works from the purview of copyright. Contrary to European Union, there is no sui generis design regime in the United States of America; therefore, copyright is the only legal framework to protect original fashion from being stolen. As far as the creative elements and apparel designs are concerned, they fall beyond the ambit of US copyright law since garments and their accessories are treated as ‘useful articles’, hence remain unprotected. We all agree on the point. that clothing is an inherent function, so copyright law has no access on the look and cut of a dress. However, the patterns or the prints can be challengeable in accordance with the mentioned right. US Copyright Protection Act The US copyright protection act is applicable to an expressive original work of a designer affixed visibly in an outfit. It provides exhaustive eight categories of the work of craftsmen against which a copyright act is applied. The perus al of the said act indicates the absence of fashion designs amongst the existing list. It means that both apparels and fabrics designs fall within the ambit of copyright protection act. If we may go through the doctrine of useful articles, it is identified that most apparel designs do not fall within the category of copyright protection act. The other side of the coin is that under EU design law, styles in fashion are specifically excluded from the protection of copyright list (Peter 2007). In order to invoke the jurisdiction of competent court of law under the copyright act, it is incumbent that the work displays originality. The mentioned act debars similar designs, common stripes and colors because they lack originality. It is clear that the copyright protects the artistic side of the product and has nothing to do with its functional aspects. However, where the originality in apparel designs or fabric designs is proved, he or she will receive punishment from the court of law unde r the copyright act (Keymeulen 2012). Before punishing the designers for copying the designs of other designers, several tests are to be conducted to determine the similarity.

World View Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

World View - Essay Example Culture is quite a flexible and fragile phenomenon, a feature which gives it extensive dynamism. Therefore, it changes easily and can be easily lost because it only exists in the minds of people. Culture determines many aspects of the lives of people. It has a strong influence on government, formal language, architecture, and a host of other products of human creativity (O’Neil, 1 – 4). Human culture occurs in three levels. The first one is the collection of cultural traditions that are unique to a society. An example of this is Japanese culture. The second level of culture is a subculture. In societies composed of groups of people who have come from a number of different parts of the world, individuals usually retain their culture, which distinguishes them from the rest of society. The third level of culture is cultural universals, which consists of behavioral patterns that people learn and collectively share all over the world. Examples of cultural traits characterist ic of cultural universals are; the use of gender and age to classify individuals within the society, and the division of labor on a gender basis (O’Neil, 4 – 7). Mythology Mythology is a body of myths possessed by a particular society. A myth is a narrative of a sacred nature that provides an explanation as to why the humankind or the world transformed to become as it is now. Myths usually contain supernatural characters and religious leaders of the society usually endorse them. Myths are part of the culture of a society and, therefore, play a decisive role in shaping that society’s behavioral patterns. This is especially because they substantially influence a society’s religious beliefs.

The evidence of bad character

The evidence of bad character The evidence of bad character is an interesting area which have often been brought up by academician and judges like Professor Hoffman to its disputable and uncertainty of status, and so it have been describe as a law which is complex, unprincipled and riddled with anomalies by Professor Adrian Keane. The general rule was that the defendant may not be asked about his convictions or other bad character until he throws the shield himself i.e. he himself have adduce his own characteristic as evidence, in other words it means that evidence may not be given about his character as part of the prosecution case. The rationale of the rule has proved that the prejudice created by such evidence outweighed any probative value it might have. The basis of the rule can be trace from the dictum of Lord Herschell LC in Makin v Attorney-General for New South Wales: ‘It is undoubtedly not competent for the prosecution to adduce evidence tending to show that the accused has been guilty of criminal acts other than those covered by the indictment, for the purpose of leading to the conclusion that the accused is a person likely from his criminal conduct or character to have committed the offence for which he is being tried. On the other hand, the mere fact that the evidence adduced tends to show the commission of other crimes does not render it inadmissible if it be relevant to an issue before the jury. In other word, it means that the prosecution may not use the accuseds previous bad character to suggest to the jury that he acted in conformity therewith in relation to the offence charged. However, there was also exception following the above dictum he laid down: ‘†¦and it may be so relevant if it bears upon the question whether the acts alleged to constitute the crime charged in the indictment were designed or accidental, or to rebut a defence which would otherwise be open to the accused. In other word, Lord Herschell mean that the evidence which tends to show the commission of other crimes is wide enough to cover not just evidence of the defendants previous convictions, but also evidence of other offences which he is alleged to have committed but for which he has not been tried. Then he came out with two instances in which evidence of other offence may b relevant to guilt. Firstly, the defendant claims that the act of which complaint is made did take place but that it was an accident or so called ‘similar fact evidence and, secondly, where the defendant put forward some defence but his character shows that the defence is not open to him. Following the dictum, the case of Makin had illustrated that there was no direct evidence and an inference was drawn by the jury base on indirect evidence i.e. circumstantial evidence to reach a conclusion. Second, the admissibility of evidence of other offences depends entirely upon the issues in the case that the relevance of the evidence can only be judged by reference to the issues which arise for decision. The method had almost been an universal usage where the prosecution try to prove that on one or more occasions the accused has acted in a way similar to that alleged in the charge although it was not normally known as similar fact evidence. Moving on, the case of Thompson had shown the way the rule applies to evidence of the defendants character which does not disclose the commission of offences. In this case, the appellant was the man who had committed acts of gross indecency in a public lavatory. The issue was one of identity because the appellants defence was that it was pure coincidence that he turned up at the agreed time. It was held relevant to rebut by the context of evidence of defendants sexual behaviour towards young boys. Lord Sumner in this case said that there is a risk of prejudice by a jury after hearing the accused has committed other offences. Because of the risk, the prosecution is not normally allowed to call such evidence, but that it may do so where it is relevant to an issue in the case. Later in Harris v DPP, it develops the analysis of the part prejudice plays in similar fact evidence. Viscount Simon described there would be reasonable cause to adduce similar fact evidence and referred to the rule of practice requiting a judge to disallow reliance on admissible evidence if its probable effect would be out of proportion to its true evidential value. And this is the first time the House of Lord brought together the need for similar fact evidence to be probative on one or more of the issues in the case, and the need for the judge to consider the overall effect of the evidence on the jury. All this was later drawn together and fully explained in DPP v Boardman, which follow the dictum laid down in Makin. Lord Wilberforce comes out with: ‘†¦it is necessary to estimate (i) whether, the evidence as to other facts tends to support, i.e. to make more credible, the evidence given as to the fact in question, (ii) whether such evidence, if given, is likely to be prejudicial to the accused. Both these elements involve questions of degree. It falls to the judge†¦ to estimate the respective and relative weight of these two factors†¦ It simply means that the judge must weigh the probative force of similar fact evidence against its prejudicial effect and only allow it if it would not be unfair to the defendant to allow it to be given. Another case of Sim also applying the similar way to rebut the appellants defence, where the accuseds homosexual tendency is only admissible where it is of sufficient relevance. Lord Goddard CJ pointed out that, similar fact evidence is a form of character evidence admissible because it is relevant to guilt, it may b introduces as part of the prosecution case, and need not await the presentation of the defence or be limited to cross-examination of the accused.

The Virgin Mary Essay -- Religion Christianity

The Virgin Mary â€Å"The turbulent course of Mary’s remarkable life, the difficult choices she made, the terrible ordeals she survived, changed history and transformed the lives of millions for all time† (Biography - Mary of Nazareth,1996). Mary, the mother of Jesus is thought highly of by all Christian faiths. In addition, Catholics hold Mary as the first saint and worship her. I feel Catholics are more accurate when it comes to praising Mary for her devotion to God. Mary should be more of a model for every Christian follower, because of the trust she had in God and the sacrifices she made for all of us. The New Testament does not mention Mary’s birth or her childhood; she is first brought up in the gospel of Luke as a thirteen-year old girl betrothed to Joseph. Thankfully there is a historical text called Protoevangelium of James, which was written around 120 AD and it discusses the events surrounding Mary’s birth, childhood and betrothal, and embellishes on the biblical account of Jesus’ birth (Devotion to the Holy Infant Mary, n.d., par. 5). The birth of Mary was also miraculous. Mary was born in Nazareth to her elderly Jewish parents Joachim and Anna. Anna was unable to bear children, so she prayed to God to grant her a child. An angel visited her and told her that she would conceive a child. Anne promised to dedicate the child to God's service. According to the Catholic doctrine the conception of Mary was without any original sin; known as Immaculate Conception (Biography - Mary of Nazareth, 1996). In Mary’s time the most education a child could ask for, especially a female would consist of learning the basic survival skills of cooking, faming and weaving. Mary was more than likely illiterate, and poor. As illustrated in t... ...m the New Testament:. About.com Christianity. Retrieved December 6, 2010, from http://www.christianityabout.com/od/newtestamentpeople/p/marymotherjesus.htm Slick, M. (n.d.). Did Mary Have Other Children?. CARM - Christian Apologetics and Research Ministry. Retrieved December 6, 2010, from http://carm.org Sri, Edward P. (n.d.). The Original Mary: Our Lady's Life Before the Annunciation. Holy Spirit Interactive - Catholic Information Resource. Retrieved December 5, 2010, from http://www.holyspiritinteractive.net/columns/edwardsri/knowingmary/01.asp The Virgin Mary. (n.d.). Encyclopedia of Death and Dying. Retrieved December 7, 2010, from http://www.deathreference.com Were Mary and Joseph Married?. (n.d.). Bible Truths, Salvation, Creation, Angels, Jesus, God, Holy Spirit. Retrieved December 4, 2010, from http://www.bibletruths.net/sermons/btso140.htm

Paleolithic

Our class will be going outside to try to help us understand Paleolithic times. We will experience the world as Paleolithic people did – bringing only what we can carry, having no permanent shelters, creating our own art from the materials around us and having to figure out the best place to stay. For this activity, we will assume that you are traveling in a small family group that Is part of a larger group of 31. You can be with either two other people or work with a partner, representing the core family group. It was typical of Paleolithic times that related core family groups would join together o form a larger group.This â€Å"family† would work together to gather food and protect each other. The group was usually between 15 and 30 people, though smaller and larger groups existed. As they traveled, different family groups would meet to exchange goods that they had made and they likely shared Information about the local environment. Young people likely moved between groups in order to share expertise (a group with several artists might exchange an artist for a skilled hunter) or to meet the needs of both groups (a group with extra males may send some to another group in exchange for goods or services).Over time, the larger group size allowed for some specialized roles to develop. The majority of people in the group would supply food for everyone, giving some people free time. For instance, a religious leader, artist or expert craftsman might supply the group's spiritual or technological needs rather than hunting or parenting. Women could take on a leadership role in the group. Women who gathered plants and hunted for small animals in many cases supplied most of the food for the group. In their role as mothers, they were protected from the most dangerous tasks, such as hunting or participating In battles with enemies.Instead, these types of tasks would be left to the â€Å"extra† males (the young and unattached men who were not yet In re ligious, artistic or craftsmen roles). Your task is to imagine yourself as part of Paleolithic times and to complete the following tasks. Your teacher will check that you are done at least Number 1 and Number 2 before the end of the period: 1. Use the map you have been given to decide where you will camp and have at least one person in your core family group record your reasons in the space provided. Consider the wants and needs of your group in addition to the geography of the area n your decision. . Using the tarp, sucks, butter knife and string, create a stable shelter. It will be 3. Using the modeling clay (which we are pretending is natural clay or soft stone), carve a Paleolithic figure and place it at the door of your shelter. 4. As a group or pair, explain what you think the daily life of Paleolithic people might have been like by creating a daily timeline to explain what your family would do at your campsite between the time you woke up and the time you went to sleep. Try t o include the challenges you faced today, such as weather, teamwork, etc. In your experience.

President Nixon Was Running For His Second Term President...

In 1972 President Richard Nixon was running for his second term in his presidency. Nixon was running against Democratic Candidate George McGovern, a senator from South Dakota. In his first term Nixon inherited the Vietnam War from President Johnson and for his second term Nixon wanted to win big and try to take attention away from losing the war. Nixon’s re-election committee decide to assign G. Gordon Liddy to find out information and tactics from the Democratic National Committee and they wanted to know more in their Chairman Larry O’Brian. Liddy brought on board former CIA officer Howard Hunt to help him with his assignment. Liddy and Hunt believed the best way to find out more on the Democratic National Committee and its chairman, was to break in the Committee’s headquarters which was located in the Watergate Hotel in Washington D.C, they had plans to bug the place. Liddy and Hunt got permission from the Re-election committee to go ahead with their plan to br eak in the Watergate. Liddy and Hunt brought five former CIA agents and one former FBI agent to assist with this mission. The men were Bernard Barker, Virgilio Gonzalez, Eugenio Martinez, Frank Sturgis, James McCord and Alfred Baldwin. On May 28, 1972 the men perform their first break in to the, Democratic National Committee, DNC office successfully, bugging the all phones so the former FBI agent, Baldwin, could listen into the conversations and write down everything he heard during the phone calls andShow MoreRelatedRichard Milhous Nixon s Father s Side Of The Family1667 Words   |  7 PagesMilhous Nixon came from a family with a strong heritage. His father s side of the family were Methodists originally from Scotland. Then, in the early 1600s, they migrated to Ireland, and to America in the 1730s. His grandfather, George Nixon, died in the Battle of Gettysburg during the Civil war. Richard s father, Frank Nixon, was born in Ohio. His mother died when he was only 7, and he left home when he was only 14. 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